Coding style rules

Coding style

The most visible part of a coding style is the naming convention. People use many different styles of naming conventions within the R ecosystem (Bååth 2012). Popular ones are alllowercase, period.separated, underscore_separated, lowerCamelCase and UpperCamelCase.

checklist default

We picked underscore_separated because that is the naming convention of the tidyverse packages. It is also the default setting in the lintr package which we use to do the static code analysis.

At first this seems a lot to memorise. RStudio makes things easier when you activate all diagnostic options (Tools > Global options > Code > Diagnostics). This highlights several problems by showing a squiggly line and/or a warning icon at the line number. Instead of learning all the rules by heart, run check_lintr() regularly and fix any issues that come up. Do this when working on every single project. Doing so enforces you to consistently use the same coding style, making it easy to learn and use it.

Rules for coding style

  • underscore_separated names for functions, parameters and variables.
  • A line of code or comments must be no longer than 80 characters. Pro tip: have RStudio display this margin in the editor. Tools > Global options > Code > Display > Show margin
  • Object names must not be longer than 30 characters.
  • Start a new line
    • after the pipe (|> or %>%)
    • never before but always after {
    • before }
  • Use spaces instead of tabs. Pro tip: make RStudio place 2 spaces when you hit the tab key. Tools > Global options > Code > Editing > Insert spaces for tabs
  • Use spaces consistently
    • Use exactly one space before and after
      • assignments <-, ->, =
      • operators like +, -,*, /, …
    • No space before and one space after ,
    • No space after or before ( or [
      • except in constructs like if (), for (), while ()
    • One space between ) and {, e.g. function () {
  • Use double quotes (") to define character strings.
  • No trailing whitespace
    • spaces at the end of a line
    • blank lines at the end of the script

Pro tip: We strongly recommend to use Air to format your code automatically when saving the file. This works in 99.9% of the cases and saves you a lot of time.

Static code analysis checks

  • Is an object defined before you use it?
  • Do you use an object after you defined it?
  • Use <- or -> to assign something. Only use = to pass arguments to a function (e.g. check_package(fail = TRUE)).
  • Use is.na(x) instead of x == NA.
  • Use seq_len() or seq_along() instead of 1:length(x), 1:nrow(x), … Advantage: when length(x) == 0, 1:length(x) yields c(1, 0), whereas seq_along(x) would yield an empty vector.
  • Don’t store code in comments. If you don’t want to lose code, use version control systems like git. If it is code that you need to run only under special circumstances, then either put the code in a separate script and run is manually or write an if-else were you run the code automatically when needed.
  • Avoid code with lots of nested loops or if statements. If the code is too complex, you’ll get a warning that the cyclomatic complexity is too high. Tips for reducing the code complexity:
    • Use assertthat::assert_that() to validate object or conditions instead of if() stop().
    • See if you can use ifelse() instead of if().
    • Split the main function of your code over sub functions.
    • Don’t use else if not strictly necessary. Use early returns when ever possible.

Using a different coding style

checklist allows you to define your own set of linters at the organisation level. Because checklist depends on the citeme package, and citeme allows to define custom organisation settings via a git repository, we will reuse this repository. To do so, create a .lintr file in the root of your organisations’ citeme repository. This allows for a different coding style that better fits your organisation, but still enforces the same style within your organisation.

In case there is no citeme repository in your organisation, or there is no .lintr file in it, checklist looks for a local .lintr file in the root of your project. Note that a local .lintr file is ignored if a .lintr file is found in your organisation’s citeme repository. checklist falls back to using the default .lintr file provided with the checklist package when no other .lintr file is found.

References

Bååth, Rasmus. 2012. “The State of Naming Conventions in R.” The R Journal 4 (December): 2. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2012-018.