Coding style rules

Rules for coding style

• underscore_separated names for functions, parameters and variables.
• A line of code or comments must be no longer than 80 characters. Pro tip: have RStudio display this margin in the editor. Tools > Global options > Code > Display > Show margin
• Object names must not be longer than 30 characters.
• Start a new line
  • after the pipe (|> or %>%)
  • never before but always after {
  • before }
• Use spaces instead of tabs. Pro tip: make RStudio place 2 spaces when you hit the tab key. Tools > Global options > Code > Editing > Insert spaces for tabs
• Use spaces consistently
  • Use exactly one space before and after
    • assignments <-, ->, =
    • operators like +, -,*, /, …
  • No space before and one space after ,
  • No space after or before ( or [
    • except in constructs like if (), for (), while ()
  • One space between ) and {, e.g. function () {
• Use double quotes (") to define character strings.
• No trailing whitespace
  • spaces at the end of a line
  • blank lines at the end of the script

Pro tip: We strongly recommend to use Air to format your code automatically when saving the file. This works in 99.9% of the cases and saves you a lot of time.

Static code analysis checks

• Is an object defined before you use it?
• Do you use an object after you defined it?
• Use <- or -> to assign something. Only use = to pass arguments to a function (e.g. check_package(fail = TRUE)).
• Use is.na(x) instead of x == NA.
• Use seq_len() or seq_along() instead of 1:length(x), 1:nrow(x), … Advantage: when length(x) == 0, 1:length(x) yields c(1, 0), whereas seq_along(x) would yield an empty vector.
• Don’t store code in comments. If you don’t want to lose code, use version control systems like git. If it is code that you need to run only under special circumstances, then either put the code in a separate script and run is manually or write an if-else were you run the code automatically when needed.
• Avoid code with lots of nested loops or if statements. If the code is too complex, you’ll get a warning that the cyclomatic complexity is too high. Tips for reducing the code complexity:
  • Use assertthat::assert_that() to validate object or conditions instead of if() stop().
  • See if you can use ifelse() instead of if().
  • Split the main function of your code over sub functions.
  • Don’t use else if not strictly necessary. Use early returns when ever possible.